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Ítem The Hispanic-Asian achievement gap in elementary school : a persistent disparity(Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012-01-01) Martínez Quintero, Lina MaríaDissertation approved by the University of Maryland, 2012. There is little research of Hispanic and Asian children's educational outcomes; in particular, the achievement gap between these two racial/ethnic groups has not been fully explored. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the Hispanic-Asian achievement gap in elementary school using the ECLS-K, a longitudinal nationally representative study. I provide detailed descriptive analysis of the trajectory of the gap from kindergarten to fifth grade. Analysis is conducted using three approaches. First, I estimated the mean achievement gap in elementary school and the relative contribution of family, school and teacher factors to the gap. Second, I decomposed the Hispanic-Asian gap into explained and unexplained parts due to observed differences. Finally, I explored whether the achievement gap is persistent across the conditional distribution of test scores. Reading and math scores are the outcome variables.Ítem Consecuencias de medir progreso educativo con pruebas estandarizadas: El caso de los Estados Unidos(Universidad de Caldas, 2012-01-01) Martínez Quintero, Lina MaríaEn 2012 se cumplieron 10 años de la implementación de No Child Left Behind (NCLB) o “Ningún niño atrás” en su traducción al español. NCLB es la ley que define la política educativa para los niños que asisten a escuelas públicas en los Estados Unidos. Basada en la teoría económica, la ley definió precisos criterios cuantitativos para evaluar avances o retrocesos en el sistema. En este artículo resumimos los principales hallazgos presentados en la literatura académica norteamericana con respecto a las consecuencias esperadas y no esperadas de la ley. La experiencia norteamericana muestra que vincular los resultados de pruebas estandarizadas a penalidades para profesores y escuelas es una estrategia insuficiente para motivar cambios positivos en el sistema educativo.Ítem The Informal Economy of Cities in the South: The Case of Cali, Colombia(WIT Press, 2017-01-01) Martínez Quintero, Lina MaríaThis paper analyses the dynamics of the informal economy in Cali Colombia. In particular it details the working lives and characteristics of street vendors in the main food market of the city, Santa Helena. It compares them with formal merchants in the same area and uncovers a major difference in income. Street vendors make more money. Government interventions to revitalize the area and create a linear park that requires the market’s transformation and street vendors’ relocation may be undermined due to the high earnings and expectations of street vendors.