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Ítem Consideraciones para la formación en emprendimiento: explorando nuevos ámbitos y posibilidades(Universidad Icesi, 2011-01-22T21:21:17Z) Toca Torres, Claudia EugeniaEntrepreneurship has long been exclusively associated with the business sphere, but despite efforts on the part of educational institutions, development centers, and government agencies, it has had a remarkably poor development on other dimensions such as on the public and social spheres. This article proposes a reflection regarding the importance of entrepreneurship for an efficient and competitive corporate development based on different concepts adopted during past decades for the purpose of stressing its transdisciplinary nature. Then it goes on with a review of experiences to explore new possibilities for its application. Lastly, it raises awareness for people to have an open mindset to new dimensions of life in a society.Ítem El marketing al servicio de las organizaciones del tercer sector(Universidad Icesi, 2013-10-01) Toca Torres, Claudia EugeniaThe objective of this article is to determine the real meaning of marketing dedicated to the service of social organizations. This work distances itself from, the so widely researched, social marketing, and does not propose the discretionary adoption of tools and processes of commercial marketing. Instead of this, the article looks for an approach in keeping with the public nature and activities of social organizations. From the analysis of specialized literature in the field of social and political sciences, such as institutionalism, social programs, public property, poverty and vulnerability, the article suggests the most suitable vocabulary for this type of marketing, and contrasts the literature with Colombian social reality. Finally, key points are presented in order to propose the content of a course on social issues and marketing.Ítem Inteligencia colectiva : enfoque para el análisis de redes(Universidad Icesi, 2014-07-01) Toca Torres, Claudia EugeniaLa revisión de la literatura anglosajona producida durante los últimos 16 años sobre inteligencia colectiva y otras metaheurísticas permite la construcción del estado del arte de 3 de sus características: autoorganización, flexibilidad y robustez. Dicho recorrido teórico aporta a la comprensión de las posibilidades de aplicación de la inteligencia colectiva no solo en especies sino en niveles de vida superiores como comunidades y ecosistemas. Dado que en el largo plazo la flexibilidad y la robustez emergen de la autoorganización, se sugiere el estudio de los asuntos de esta última característica en redes empresariales (información, comunicación, liderazgo, potencial creativo, pertenencia, autonomía, acción colectiva, cooperación, interacción, libertad y diversidad), así como el análisis de redes soportado en grafos e indicadores.