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When do property rights reduce illicit crops? market connectivity as the binding constraint

dc.audienceTodo Público
dc.contributor.authorMartínez-González, Eduard F.
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Uribe, María del Pilar
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz-Mora, Juan Carlos
dc.coverage.spatialCali de Lat: 03 24 00 N degrees minutes Lat: 3.4000 decimal degrees Long: 076 30 00 W degrees minutes Long: -76.5000 decimal degrees.
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-21T19:06:27Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-17
dc.description.abstractEste artículo estima el efecto de los derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra en la siembra de cultivos ilícitos en contextos de instituciones débiles. Estudiamos Formalizar para Sustituir (FxS), un programa colombiano que entregó títulos de propiedad a agricultores en zonas productoras de coca como parte del acuerdo de paz de 2016 con las FARC. Cruzando los registros administrativos de titulación con imágenes satelitales anuales de alta resolución de los cultivos de coca a nivel de grillas de 1 km × 1 km, comparamos grillas tituladas con grillas vecinas no tituladas durante 2011–2021 mediante un diseño de diferencias en diferencias. La titulación de la tierra reduce el cultivo de coca en 42–64% de manera inmediata, pero el efecto se desvanece en un plazo de dos años. En el corto plazo, los hogares titulados aumentan la demanda de crédito y la inversión en actividades productivas, y reportan ingresos superiores a los que genera el cultivo de coca. Estos cambios son consistentes con derechos de propiedad que operan a través de los canales que predice la teoría, pero por sí solos son insuficientes para sostener la sustitución. El coeficiente de la interacción FxS × Placa-Huella ( ˆ ψ ) implica una reducción adicional y sostenida de 33–38% frente a la media de coca previa al tratamiento en las grillas que combinan la titulación de tierras con la construcción de vías terciarias, lo que sugiere que la conectividad con los mercados locales es la restricción determinante para abandonar los cultivos ilícitos en el largo plazo. Las vías por sí solas, en cambio, están asociadas con más coca — un resultado consistente con la evidencia previa de que la infraestructura sin precondiciones institucionales beneficia tanto a la actividad ilegal como a la legal.spa
dc.description.abstractThis paper estimates the effect of land property rights on illicit crop cultivation under weak institutions. We study Formalizar para Sustituir (FxS), a Colombian program that allocated land titles to farmers in coca-producing areas as part of the 2016 peace agreement with the FARC. Matching administrative titling records to annual high-resolution satellite imagery of coca fields at the 1 km × 1 km grid level, we compare titled grids to neighboring non-titled grids over 2011–2021 using a difference-in-differences design. Land titling reduces coca cultivation by 42–64% immediately, but the effect fades within two years. In the short term, titled households increase credit demand and investment in productive activities, and report incomes above what coca farming generates. These changes are consistent with property rights operating through the channels theory predicts, yet they are insufficient to sustain substitution on their own. The FxS × Placa-Huella interaction coefficient ( ˆ ψ ) implies an additional sustained reduction of 33–38% relative to the pre-treatment coca mean in grids that combine land titling with tertiary road construction, suggesting that connectivity to local markets is the binding constraint for long-run transition away from illicit crops. Roads alone, by contrast, are associated with more coca — a result consistent with prior evidence that infrastructure without institutional preconditions benefits illegal as much as legal activity.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsWhen Do Property Rights Reduce Illicit Crops? Market Connectivity as the Binding Constraint -- ¿Cuándo los derechos de propiedad reducen los cultivos ilícitos? La conectividad con los mercados como restricción determinante -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Institutional Framework: Comprehensive Development and Formalization for Transitioning Coca Producers -- Figure 1 Drug Policy Spending and Coca Cultivation in Colombia -- 2002–2021 -- Map 1 Municipalities prioritised by FxS and ETCR programs -- Theoretical Appendix: Two-Period Extension for the Fade-Out (Prediction 1) -- Sensitivity Analysis: Violations of Parallel Trends (Rambachan–Roth 2023) -- Figure A8 Sensitivity to Violations of Parallel Trends: Rambachan–Roth (2023) Boundsspa
dc.format.extent66 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10906/130808
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Icesi ; Centro de Investigación en Economía y Finanzas - CIENFI
dc.publisher.placeSantiago de Cali
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.proposalCultivos ilícitosspa
dc.subject.proposalDesarrollo alternativospa
dc.subject.proposalTitulación de tierrasspa
dc.subject.proposalVías ruralesspa
dc.subject.proposalIllicit Cropseng
dc.subject.proposalAlternative Developmenteng
dc.subject.proposalLand Titlingeng
dc.subject.proposalRural Roadseng
dc.titleWhen do property rights reduce illicit crops? market connectivity as the binding constrainteng
dc.title¿Cuándo los derechos de propiedad reducen los cultivos ilícitos?: La conectividad con los mercados como restricción determinantespa
dc.typeworking paper
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
dc.type.localDocumento de trabajo
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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