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Ítem Análisis de la distribución espacial y temporal de los defectos congénitos registrados entre 2004 y 2008 en un hospital de tercer nivel en Cali, Colombia(Universidad del Valle, 2011-01-01) Cuartas, Daniel ElíasObjective: To describe the spatial and temporal distribution of major birth defects and to identify clusters at spatial, temporal and space-temporal levels. Methods: A descriptive study was developed about the space and time distribution of defects registered in Cali between March 2004 and October 2008 using principles of spatial statistics, namely the spatial data exploratory analysis. Results: Higher case density and prevalence was observed among neighborhoods of eastern Cali. Three districts («communes») of the 21 in the city showed a larger probability (50 to 100% larger) of major birth defects. Significant clusters (p<0.05) were proven in spatial, temporal and space-temporal analysis. Conclusions: Birth defects were confirmed clustered in several communes at the poorest areas of the city. Occurrence of defects in this area may be associated, at least in part, to social and environmental inequities. © 2011 Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud.Ítem Defectos congénitos en un hospital de tercer nivel en Cali, Colombia(Sociedad Chilena de de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2015-01-01) Isaza, CarolinaTo determine the overall and individual prevalence of birth defects diagnosed at birth in a referral hospital in Cali, Colombia, in the period 2011-2012 and compare the results with previously reported for the same institution. Methods: Epidemiological surveillance of birth defects was performed at the Hospital Universitario del Valle between July 2011 and June 2012, following ECLAMC methodology. Tables were performed to illustrate the frequency distribution of birth defects. Results: During the 12 months of study there were 5,669 births, of which 109 had at least one birth defect, for a prevalence of 1.92[%]. For specific birth defects, the highest prevalence were recorded for polydactyly (24.69 × 10,000), auricular appendage (15.87 × 10,000), hydrocephalus (15.87× 10,000), hydrocephalus (15.87 × 10,000). By grouping, the highest prevalence was for the following groups: limb defects (79.37× 10,000), central nervous system defects (49.39 × 10,000), vascular disruption defects (40.57 × 10,000). Conclusions: In the surveillance period in the institution it was found a prevalence of birth defects similar to that previously reported in the same institution. By grouping, the highest prevalence were for limb defects, defects of the central nervous system and vascular disruption defects. Birth defects associated with environmental factors, principally neural tube defects and defects by vascular disruption had higher prevalence compared with those reported previously.