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Ítem Indigenous fishing in the neotropics: the Tukanoan Uanano of the Blackwater Uaupes River basin in Brazil and Colombia.(1985-06-07 00:00:00) Chernela, Janet M.En el estudio de la ecología humana, los límites de un ecosistema deben estar determinados por factores sociales. Las nociones simbólicas como el parentesco gobiernan cómo, en qué medida y en qué direcciones se distribuyen los recursos en una población.Ítem What is a population? Spouse import in the northwest Amazon.(;, 1994-01-01) Chernela, Janet M.In northwest Amazon societies, diverse groups marry across linguistic and geographic barriers: kinship and kin proximity occur according to cultural rules, and kinship, language, and residence may not be equated with genetic relatedness, as previously postulated. The assumption of genetic relatedness and random mating within a prescribed geographic zone or linguistic unit does not always hold true. Models should be based on cultural determinants of population dynamics that are more sensitive to detailed mate choice and gene flow patterns. The example is given of the Wanano, who belong to the Eastern Tukanoan Language group in the Central Northwest Amazon basin of the Uaupes River 500-600 lived in Brazil, 180 Colombia, and 800 in the Vaupes Territory of Colombia. Settlements were 3-24 km from the river and had a population of 17-160 people. Men pursued fishing and women engaged in manioc cultivation. There was minimal exploitation of resources. The Wanano are unilineal kin groups with cross cousin marriages. They share a common cultural heritage with 15-20 other kin groups, and are linked through intermarriage. 14,000 Indians of diverse languages are thus united in marriage and kinship. Neighboring Arawakan and Cariban speaking groups reside to the north and west. About 13 distinct languages are part of the Eastern Tukanoan language. The basic principles of descent, marriage, and residence were supplied, and the consequences for village composition explicated. Focus was placed on 3 Wanano villages (Yapima Mo, a large village with in-marrying from the village of Buhpoara and Buhpoara) and spouse importation. Social organization was on the basis of sib (patrilineal descent group), language group (common identity, language, ancestry, and group name), and phratry, or nonresidential association of language groups. Ties were strong among more intimate or a"in-groups." Marriage rules applied to preferences for patrilineal cross cousins and sister exchange. The villages described exemplified the imbalances in the sex ratio and the bachelor surplus in the smaller Wanano villages. The result has been the practice of patrilocality and linguistic exogamy, where adult males of the same ethnicity live together and adult females are located through marriage.Ítem Toward a Tukanoan ethnolinguistics: metadiscursive practices , identity , and sustained linguistic diversity in the Vaupés basin of Brazil and Colombia(Museu Nacional ; Museu do Índio-FUNAI., 2013-01-01) Chernela, Janet M.En la cuenca del Vaupés en Brasil y Colombia, en condiciones de intenso contacto lingüístico, los hablantes de las lenguas Tucano Orientales construyen y mantienen activamente la diferencia a través de prácticas de habla. El mantenimiento de las separaciones lingüísticas, sostiene este artículo, se logra en gran medida mediante el trabajo de mecanismos ideológicos que vinculan la identidad social al habla y esencializan la pertenencia al grupo. La autora analiza una serie de prácticas extralingüísticas o metalingüísticas asociadas con el uso y la identidad de la lengua, reunidas entre 1980 y 2012 entre hablantes de wanano/kotiria, para postular la existencia de una etnolingüística Tucano Oriental: un cuerpo de teoría sobre la lengua y el uso lingüístico que la hace inteligible para los hablantes e impulsa la práctica. Sostiene la autora que este conjunto de creencias subyace a las prácticas del habla y contribuye a uno de los ejemplos más extremos de mantenimiento del lenguaje reportados en la literatura.