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Ítem Spatial modeling of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Andean region of Colombia(Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz, 2016-07-01) Pérez-Flórez, MauricioThe objective of this research was to identify environmental risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Colombia and map high-risk municipalities. The study area was the Colombian Andean region, comprising 715 rural and urban municipalities. We used 10 years of CL surveillance: 2000-2009. We used spatial-temporal analysis - conditional autoregressive Poisson random effects modelling - in a Bayesian framework to model the dependence of municipality-level incidence on land use, climate, elevation and population density. Bivariable spatial analysis identified rainforests, forests and secondary vegetation, temperature, and annual precipitation as positively associated with CL incidence. By contrast, livestock agroecosystems and temperature seasonality were negatively associated. Multivariable analysis identified land use - rainforests and agro-livestock - and climate - temperature, rainfall and temperature seasonality - as best predictors of CL. We conclude that climate and land use can be used to identify areas at high risk of CL and that this approach is potentially applicable elsewhere in Latin America.Ítem Wiki aves de Colombia: la primera guía virtural sobre las aves colombianas(Asociación Colombiana de Zoología, 2010-11-03) Valderrama Ardila, Carlos HumbertoEl Wiki Aves de Colombia es una herramienta de consulta con fines de investigación y educación. Su objetivo es mejorar el conocimiento y la valoración de las aves de Colombia y facilitar la integración de información y contenidos así como de las personas y organizaciones que trabajan en el tema. Los contenidos del wiki se construyen a partir de información publicada como guías de campo y artículos, así como contenidos digitales. Además de información reciente sobre la taxonomía, conservación y sitios de observación de aves, el fuerte del wiki son las especies. En el wiki cada ave contiene información básica sobre su identificación, comportamiento, distribución, hábitat, alimentación y conservación, además de links a contenidos multimedia como videos, vocalizaciones e imágenes. En su primera fase el Wiki está siendo alimentado por un pequeño grupo de personas que ingresarán contenidos y se encargarán de probar y pulir la herramienta durante el 2010.Ítem Riqueza y composición de arañas en diferentes coberturas vegetales del Parque Natural Regional el Vínculo (Valle del Cauca, Colombia)(Inciva, 2010-01-01-) Valderrama Ardila, Carlos Humberto; Cabra-García, Jimmy; Ulloa-Chacón, PatriciaThis study aimed to estimate the spider species richness at Parque Natural Regional El Vínculo (Valle del Cauca, Colombia). We sampled spiders during day and night sessions from August to December 2008 in five vegetation types: secondary forest, riparian forest, shrubs, grassland and highly disturbed area. We used aerial and ground hand collection, beating, sorting litter and pitfall traps. We used the non-parametric richness estimators ACE, ICE, Chao 1, Chao 2, first-order Jackknife and second-order Jackknife in order to calculate the average species richness. Additionally, we calculated the average sampling efficiency. A total of 1565 adult specimen, representing 36 families and 193 morphospecies in 238 sampling units were found. The average estimated richness ranged from 46 (shrubs) to 101 (secondary forest) morphospecies. The values of average sampling efficiency ranged from 70% (secondary forest) to 90% (shrubs). The average estimated richness for the natural park was 238 morphospecies and the average sampling efficiency was 81%. Our results increases the number of families registered in the park in 14 and suggest this location as the place with more families of spiders in the Valle del Cauca.Ítem Generalist Species Have a Central Role In a Highly Diverse Plant-Frugivore Network(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2016-05-01) Kattán, Gustavo H.Analysis of plant-frugivore interactions provides a quantitative framework for integrating community structure and ecosystem function in terms of how the roles and attributes of individual species contribute to network structure and resilience. In this study, we used centrality metrics to rank and detect the most important species in a mutualistic network of fruit-eating birds and plants in a cloud forest in the Colombian Andes. We identified a central core of ten bird and seven plant species in a network of 135 species that perform dual roles as local hubs and connectors. The birds were mostly large forest frugivores, such as cracids, cotingas, and toucans, which consume fruits of all sizes. The plants were species of intermediate successional stages with small- to medium-sized seeds that persist in mature forest or forest borders (e.g., Miconia, Cecropia, Ficus). We found the resilience of our network depends on super-generalist species, because their elimination makes the network more prone to disassemble than random extinctions, potentially disrupting seed-dispersal processes. At our study site, extirpation of large frugivores has already been documented, and if this continues, the network might collapse despite its high diversity. Our results suggest that generalist species play critical roles in ecosystem function and should be incorporated into conservation and monitoring programs. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.Ítem New records and geographical distribution of ctenid spiders (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Colombia(Magnolia Press, 2013-09-05) Simo, MiguelThis study provides new records, geographical distribution extensions and a checklist of the current ctenids species in Co-lombia based on the review of four arachnological collections and published literature. A total of 15 new records for Cteni-dae in Colombia are reported; nine of these species are new records for the country and the distribution of the remaining six is expanded. The genus Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (C. ocelliventer Strand, 1909) is recorded for first time in Colombia and Cupiennius coccineus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) for South America. Due to the strategic geographic position of Colombia, which is a transition zone between Southern and Central American biotas, species inventories in different localities are important to fill distributional gaps. The number of known species of ctenids in Colombia is in-creased from 16 to 25 and these data will be useful for future studies in taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this family.