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Ítem Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: A pooled analysis of population-based surveys(Elsevier, 2015-09-01) Guerrero, RamiroBackground Vitamin A defi ciency is a risk factor for blindness and for mortality from measles and diarrhoea in children aged 6–59 months. We aimed to estimate trends in the prevalence of vitamin A defi ciency between 1991 and 2013 and its mortality burden in low-income and middle-income countries.
Ítem Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014 : A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants(Elsevier, 2016-04-02) Bennett, James E.; Taddei, Cristina; Fortunato, Léa; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Riley, Leanne Margaret; Danaei, Goodarz; Bentham, James; Guerrero Carvajal rguerrero@proesa.org.co, Ramiro; Ikeda, Nayu; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Stevens, Gretchen Anna; Zhou, Bin; Lu, Yuan; Bixby, Honor; Cowan, Melanie J.Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m2[underweight], 18.5 kg/m2to <20 kg/m2, 20 kg/m2to <25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2to <30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2to <35 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2to <40 kg/m2, ≥40 kg/m2[morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m2(95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m2(24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m2(21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m2(24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women.Ítem An epidemiologic analysis of diabetes in Colombia(2015-01-01) Casas Figueroa, Luz ÁngelaThe prevalence of diabetes has increased worldwide, leading to a massive social, economic, and health care burden. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 8.3% of the world's population experiences diabetes (382 million people); this figure is expected to rise to >592 million in <25 years, implying ≥175 million undiagnosed cases. Diabetes is most prevalent in the Western Pacific region with 138 million cases, followed by South East Asia with 72 million, Europe with 56 million, North America and the Caribbean with 37 million, the Middle East and Northern Africa with 35 million, South and Central America (SACA) with 24 million, and Africa with 20 million cases.Ítem Neuropatía desmielinizante aguda y crónica(Asociación Colombiana de Neurología, 2010-07-13T21:26:55Z) Takeuchi Tan, YuriEn los últimos años, el concepto de una única neuropatía (polineurorra- diculopatía) desmielinizante se ha ampliado a una serie de síndromes y cuadros clínicos muy variados que resultan confusos al momento de hacer un diagnóstico clínico y electrofisiólogico.Ítem Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants(Elsevier, 2016-04-09) Guerrero Carvajal, RamiroBackground One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Ítem Isquemia cerebral: evolución hispatológica en un modelo experimental(Unisanitas, 2016-05-23) Vera González, AlejandroIntroducción: la obstrucción aguda de la Arteria Cerebral Media produce disminución del flujo sanguíneo del territorio de irrigación correspondiente, lo cual desencadena un proceso de muerte y estrés celular que da lugar al foco isquémico y zona de penumbra respectivamente. Modificaciones en el citoesqueleto neuronal, glial y en el inmunofenotipo de la microglia son marcadores sensibles de sufrimiento celular. Has-ta el momento no se ha evaluado la evolución de los diferentes compartimientos celulares en un modelo integrado que permite conocer la evolución citoarquitectónica del infarto. Objetivos: evaluar en un modelo de lesión isquémica experimental, los cambios en los compartimientos celulares del tejido cerebral y plan-tear un modelo estructural de evolución de la lesión. Metodología: 22 ratas machos Wistar, peso promedio de 280 gramos. Mediante la técnica de obstrucción intraluminal de la arteria cerebral media, con tiempo de reperfusión de 3, 12, 24 y 72 horas. Se realizaron cortes histológicos procesados para coloración bási-ca e inmunohistoquímica para MAP-2 (citoesqueleto neuronal), GFAP (citoesqueleto glial), HMC (microgía) y Caspasa-3 (actividad proteolítica).Ítem Chromosome 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome with unaltered PAFAH1B1 gene(Sociedad Española de Neurología, 2016-12-09) Mejia, L.La deleción del 17p13.3, incluyendo el gen PAFAH1B1 o LIS1, se asocia a malformaciones cerebrales tipo lisencefalia; caracterizada por reducción de giros y adelgazamiento cortical, sin embargo existen fenotipos variables que van desde lisencefalia aislada hasta síndrome de Miller-Dieker (SMD) (MM: 247200)1. Descrito por primera vez por Miller en 1963 como una condición genética con una expresión clínica variable, el cual puede ser causado por diferentes anormalidades genéticas tales como: deleción, duplicación, síndrome de genes contiguos y mutación del gen PAFAH1B12. Por tal razón la combinación de fenotipos es frecuente y es posible encontrar microdeleciones de la región 17p13.3 en ausencia de lisencefalia implicando que la expresión del gen PAFAH1B1 es normal3.Ítem Caracterización clínica, bioquímica y molecular de una paciente colombiana con enfermedad de Tay-Sachs(Sociedad Española de Neurología, 2016-02-01) Pachajoa Londoño, Harry MauricioLa enfermedad de Tay-Sachs es un trastorno neurodegenerativo, autosómico recesivo, que se caracteriza por una mutación o deleción en el gen de la hexosaminidasa A (HEXA), ubicado en la posición 15q23; este gen codifica para la subunidad alfa de hexosaminidasa A, una enzima lisosomal que participa en el metabolismo de los gangliósidos 1 2 . La enfermedad de Tay-Sachs está incluida dentro de las enfermedades de depósito lisosomal y se manifiesta generalmente después de un periodo de desarrollo neurológico normal, donde los gangliósidos (GM2), un tipo de esfingolípidos de la membrana de células del sistema nervioso central, se almacenan a causa de la carencia de la hexosaminidasa A. La acumulación de gangliósidos genera daño neurológico irreversible y la muerte del paciente a edades tempranas 3 4Ítem Desenlaces clínicos en una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y administración intracoronaria de tirofiban(Elsevier, 2015-01-01) Carrillo Gómez, Diana CristinaIntroduction: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors reduce major adverse cardiovascularevents (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Objective: To determine the major adverse cardiovascular events and safety of intracoronaryand intravenous tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndrome with percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI) compared to a group of patients without this medication.Material and methods:Prospective cohort. Adults with acute coronary syndrome from January2010 to December 2012 were included. A proportional hazard regression model after 1 monthof follow up where the risk of MACE and the interest variable was intracoronary and intravenoustirofiban were assessed.Results: 382 patients were included. 46% (174 patients) received intracoronary tirofiban. Theaverage age was 65 years vs. 60 years in the group of non-tirofiban users (p = 0.00). The rate ofMACE at the first month was od 13/1000 events and 15/1000 events respectively in the grouptirofiban and non-tirofiban (log rank test 0,935). The tirofiban use was neither related to a lowerincidence of MACE (HR 1.09 95% IC 0.72 1.65) nor to major bleeding after the first month offollow up (1.72% vs. 2.88% respectively, p = 0.456).Conclusions: Intracoronary and intravenous tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndromewas neither related to lower incidence of MACE nor to bleeding events; however, it should betaken into account that other clinical variables and the severity of unquantified coronary eventsmight influence the results. © 2015 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular.Ítem Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in South America: The experience of Colombia(Elsevier Doyma, 2016-09-01) Vargas-Uricoechea, HernandoAccording to the International Diabetes Federation, 8.3% of the world population suffers from diabetes mellitus, and it is expected that the number of individuals with the disease will increase to over 592 million. In South and Central America, it is estimated that the increase in the number of cases diagnosed in the period from 2013 to 2035 will be 59.8% (from 24 to 38.5 millions). According to the World Health Organisation, the prevalence of fasting hyperglycaemia in the region of the Americas in 2014 was 9.3% in men and 8.1% in women. The countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in adults ≥ 18 years were: Guyana, Surinam, Chile, and Argentina. In Colombia, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is variable, depending on the population range assessed and the diagnostic criteria used. © 2016 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis