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Ítem Modelado estocástico de desastres naturales.(Universidad Icesi, 2019-01-01) Muñoz Pedroza, Óscar Eduardo; Uribe Sánchez, Sebastián; Acosta Amado, Rolando José; Asesor TesisEl objetivo de este documento es proponer modelos estocásticos que permitan modelar el comportamiento a largo plazo de los desastres naturales en Colombia. Los desastres naturales son “aquellos elementos del medio ambiente que son peligrosos al hombre y que están causados por fuerzas extrañas a él… Que por su ubicación, severidad y frecuencia tienen el potencial de afectar adversamente al ser humano y sus actividades” (OEA, 1991). La mayoría de los estudios existentes sobre los desastres naturales tratan sobre cómo disminuir su impacto generando políticas de socorro, de distribución de recursos, entre otras, además, determinar las zonas con mayores riesgos de desastres naturales; pero existen muy pocas investigaciones sobre entender el comportamiento en el largo plazo de estos eventos, buscando con esto descubrir patrones que permitan acercarse a determinar con cierta incertidumbre cuándo, dónde y de qué magnitud pueden ocurrir.Ítem Análisis de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los actores sociales pobladores de la vereda la vorágine, corregimiento de Pance, acerca de los impactos ambientales generados por vertimientos de aguas, manejo de residuos sólidos, ruido y ocupación del área forestal protectora del río Pance.(Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2011-01-01) Jaime Pareja, Lina Gisella; Puente Moreno, OrlandoEl proyecto del cual se desprende esta propuesta de pasantía de investigación está enfocado en la descripción y análisis de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los actores sociales de la vereda La Vorágine, corregimiento de Pance, en torno a los impac tos ambientales generados por vertimientos de aguas, manejos de residuos sólidos, contaminación por ruido y ocupación del área forestal del río Pance. Se han realizado mecanismos que reduzcan los riesgos del impacto generado en grupos sociales específico s, mediante el cual surgen instituciones ambientales en procesos de intervención en distintos puntos de la ciudad y la región, como la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del cauca, CVC.Ítem Environmental risk factors for the incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sub-Andean zone of Colombia (Chaparral, Tolima).(2010-02-01) Valderrama Ardila, Carlos; Alexander, Neal; Ferro, Cristina; Cadena, Horacio; Marín, Dairo; Holford, Theodore R.; Munstermann, Leonard E.; Ocampo, Clara B.Environmental risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated for the largest outbreak recorded in Colombia. The outbreak began in 2003 in Chaparral, and in the following five years produced 2,313 cases in a population of 56,228. Candidate predictor variables were land use, elevation, and climatic variables such as mean temperature and precipitation. Spatial analysis showed that incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was higher in townships with mean temperatures in the middle of the county's range. Incidence was independently associated with higher coverage with forest or shrubs (2.6% greater for each additional percent coverage, 95% credible interval [CI] = 0.5-4.9%), and lower population density (22% lower for each additional 100 persons/km(2), 95% CI = 7-41%). The extent of forest or shrub coverage did not show major changes over time. These findings confirmed the roles of climate and land use in leishmaniasis transmission. However, environmental variables were not sufficient to explain the spatial variation in incidence.Ítem Análisis de la distribución espacial y temporal de los defectos congénitos registrados entre 2004 y 2008 en un hospital de tercer nivel en Cali, Colombia(Universidad del Valle, 2011-01-01) Cuartas, Daniel ElíasObjective: To describe the spatial and temporal distribution of major birth defects and to identify clusters at spatial, temporal and space-temporal levels. Methods: A descriptive study was developed about the space and time distribution of defects registered in Cali between March 2004 and October 2008 using principles of spatial statistics, namely the spatial data exploratory analysis. Results: Higher case density and prevalence was observed among neighborhoods of eastern Cali. Three districts («communes») of the 21 in the city showed a larger probability (50 to 100% larger) of major birth defects. Significant clusters (p<0.05) were proven in spatial, temporal and space-temporal analysis. Conclusions: Birth defects were confirmed clustered in several communes at the poorest areas of the city. Occurrence of defects in this area may be associated, at least in part, to social and environmental inequities. © 2011 Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud.
Ítem Litigio estratégico comunitario: retos para su sostenibilidad en las Facultades de Derecho(2016-07-01) Quintero Mosquera, Diana PatriciaThe work of law clinics is becoming more and more relevant in the Latin American context. In spite of this, the academic reflection does not manage to keep up with the advances shown in the Faculties of Law. This text describes a project of investigation and social-legal intervention carried out by our clinic in a community that faces serious problems of contamination of its streams. This experience is analyzed in its cultural context, from a critical perspective; emphasizing the challenges to the sustainability of this type of work.Ítem ¿Cómo deciden las Cortes Constitucionales?(2016-07-01) Pasquino, PasqualeThe purpose of this article is to explore the mode of production of judicial sentences drafted by constitutional courts in Europe. The natural object of study of the constitutional theory is the analysis of this final product of judicial creation of Law by Constitutional Courts. However, the doctrine has not given sufficient attention –from a comparative law perspective– to the mechanisms and procedures that lead to the decisions of these institutions. Thus, this document will classify the different types of decision-making processes in the courts, analyzing the stages that make up the «mode of production», from the study of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Constitutional Council of the French Republic, The Constitutional Court of Italy and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. At the end of the paper, some conclusions are made about the period of the magistrates, their party affiliation, the temporary restrictions of deliberation and institutional factors such as the number of attendees or the personalization of its members.