Modelo predictivo para la mortalidad en urgencias portrauma: integración de variables clínicas y socioespaciales en Cali 2012-2013
| dc.audience | Todo Público | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | García Marín, Alberto Federico | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ortíz Arias, Santiago | |
| dc.contributor.author | Orozco Echeverri, Nicolas | |
| dc.contributor.author | Valencia Orozco, Andrea | |
| dc.coverage.spatial | Cali de Lat: 03 24 00 N degrees minutes Lat: 3.4000 decimal degrees Long: 076 30 00 W degrees minutes Long: -76.5000 decimal degrees. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-03-02T19:16:35Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-03-02T19:16:35Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-12-04 | |
| dc.description.abstract | El trauma, definido como cualquier lesión física resultante de una fuerza externa, representa un desafío significativo para la salud pública a nivel mundial. Esta patología representa un desafío significativo para la salud pública a nivel mundial, siendo una de las principales causas de muerte en adultos jóvenes menores de 45 años, con un estimado de 1,9 millones de muertes a nivel mundial. En el contexto colombiano, el trauma también emerge como una de las principales causas de muerte, según datos del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) para el año 2022. Específicamente, en la ciudad de Cali, para el año 2021, se reportó una tasa de mortalidad de 75,16 muertes por cada 100.000 habitantes debido a lesiones por causas externas, y específicamente para homicidios, se reportó una tasa de 50,12 muertes por cada 100.000 habitantes. Es crucial resaltar que la génesis de los eventos traumáticos y el pronóstico a largo plazo de los pacientes están influenciados por diversos determinantes sociales de la salud. Estos incluyen el estatus socioeconómico, el nivel educativo, el entorno físico y social del barrio, el empleo, las redes de apoyo social y el acceso a atención médica oportuna. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Trauma, defined as any physical injury resulting from an external force, represents a significant challenge to public health worldwide. This pathology represents a significant challenge to public health worldwide, being one of the leading causes of death in young adults under 45 years of age, with an estimated 1.9 million deaths worldwide. In the Colombian context, trauma also emerges as one of the leading causes of death, according to data from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) for the year 2022. Specifically, in the city of Cali, for the year 2021, a mortality rate of 75.16 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants was reported due to injuries from external causes, and specifically for homicides, a rate of 50.12 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants was reported. It is crucial to highlight that the genesis of traumatic events and the long-term prognosis of patients are influenced by various social determinants of health. These include socioeconomic status, educational level, the physical and social environment of the neighborhood, employment, social support networks, and access to timely healthcare. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Magíster | |
| dc.description.degreename | Trabajo de grado para optar al título de Magister en Ciencia de Datos | |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 1. Introducción 4 -- 2. Contexto y Antecedentes 4 -- 3. Planteamiento del Problema y Justificación 5 -- 4. Objetivos 6 -- 5. Marco Teórico 7 -- 5.1. El trauma en Colombia: Un problema de salud pública 7 -- 5.2. La atención prehospitalaria -- un determinante en la supervivencia 7 -- 5.3. El impacto de la distancia en la mortalidad 8 -- 5.4. Centralizar la referencia del trauma: La necesidad de regionalizar la atención 8 -- 5.5. Aprendizaje Supervisado 9 -- 5.5.1. Regresión Logística 9 -- 5.5.2. Análisis Discriminante Lineal y Cuadrático 10 -- 5.5.3. Máquinas de Vectores de Soporte 10 -- 5.5.4. Árboles de Decisión 11 -- 5.5.5. Algoritmos de Ensamble 13 -- 5.5.6. Bosque Aleatorio 13 -- 5.5.7. Extreme Gradient Boosting 13 -- 5.5.8. Redes Neuronales 14 -- 5.6. Medidas de desempeño del modelo 15 -- 5.7. Optimización Bayesiana 16 -- 5.8. Problema del desbalance de clases 17 -- 6. Estado del Arte 18 -- 7. Metodología 23 -- 7.1. Datos de estudio 23 -- 7.2. Geografía del sitio de estudio 24 -- 7.3. Descripción de las variables 24 -- 7.3.1. Variables del estudio inicial 24 -- 7.3.2. Variables de georeferenciación 27 -- 7.3.3. Variables sociodemográficas 28 -- 7.4. Proceso de preparación -- exploración y modelación 29 -- 7.4.1. Creación del Pipeline 30 -- 7.4.2. Optimización Bayesiana de hiperparámetros 31 -- 7.4.3. Protocolo de entrenamiento y evaluación de modelos 32 -- 7.5. Muestras balanceadas 33 -- 8. Resultados 33 -- 8.1. Análisis exploratorio de datos 33 -- 8.2. Evaluación de modelos y análisis de resultados 35 -- 8.3. Efecto de las muestras balanceadas en los modelos destacados 36 -- 8.4. Visualización espacial: Mapas 38 -- 9. Conclusiones y Limitaciones 39 -- A. Anexos: Análisis exploratorio de datos 44 -- B. Anexos: Optimización de hiperparámetros 49 -- C. Anexos: Evaluación de modelos con muestras balanceadas 53 | spa |
| dc.format.extent | 53 páginas | |
| dc.format.medium | Digital | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.OLIB | https://biblioteca2.icesi.edu.co/cgi-olib/?oid=366449 | |
| dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Icesi | |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Biblioteca Digital | |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.icesi.edu.co/ | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10906/130575 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Icesi | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Barberi de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas | |
| dc.publisher.place | Santiago de Cali | |
| dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Ciencia de Datos | |
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| dc.rights | EL AUTOR, expresa que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la elaboró sin quebrantar ni suplantar los derechos de autor de terceros, y de tal forma, la obra es de su exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre éste. PARÁGRAFO: en caso de queja o acción por parte de un tercero referente a los derechos de autor sobre el artículo, folleto o libro en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá la responsabilidad total, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos, la Universidad Icesi actúa como un tercero de buena fe. Esta autorización, permite a la Universidad Icesi, de forma indefinida, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, la Ley 44 de 1993, leyes y jurisprudencia vigente al respecto, haga publicación de este con fines educativos. | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Traumatismo | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Wounds and injuries | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Salud pública | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Public health | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Determinantes sociales de la salud | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Social determinants of health | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mortalidad | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mortality | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Violencia | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Violence | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Homicidio | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Homicide | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Factores socioeconómicos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Socioeconomic factors | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Epidemiología | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Epidemiology | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Tesis de Maestría en Ciencia de Datos | spa |
| dc.title | Modelo predictivo para la mortalidad en urgencias portrauma: integración de variables clínicas y socioespaciales en Cali 2012-2013 | spa |
| dc.type | master thesis | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.local | Tesis de maestría | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
