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Ítem Visualización de información georeferenciada en ggplot2(Universidad Icesi, 2012-09-01) Montenegro, SebastiánThis document presents an introdution to graphical tools for plotting georeferenced data. The document is appropiate for readers interested in presenting information to compare between territories using a variable, employing R and ggplot2 llibrary.We supose a previusly knowledge of R enviroment.
Ítem Estudio de Monte Carlo para comparar 8 pruebas de normalidad sobre residuos de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios en presencia de procesos autorregresivos de primer orden.(Universidad Icesi, 2015-07-01) Alonso Cifuentes, Julio César; Montenegro, SebastiánThe objective of this study is to assess the statistical power and size of 8 normality tests in presence of first-order autoregressive errors and different simple sizes. Using aMonte Carlo experiment, the following tests were compared: Cramér-von Mises, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, Pearson, Shapiro-Wilk, ShapiroFrancia, Jarque-Bera and D’Agostino-Pearson. Our results show 4 relevant findings: First, an asymmetrical effect of autocorrelation on the power and size of the tests. Second, the statistical size of all tests is affected by the autocorrelation. Third, none of the tests has greater power than the others. Fourth, the power of the normality test decreases as sample size decreases.Ítem Herramientas de estabilización de los precios internos del azúcar en Colombia: ¿Funcionan?(Universidad de Antioquia, 2001-01-01) Alonso, JulioAbstract: Since 2001, local sugar prices in Colombia are subject to the Sugar Price Stabilization Fund (FEPA). The Colombian government designed FEPA to protect local producers from fluctuations in international sugar prices, complementing the existing Andean Price Band System (SAFP) of the Andean Community of Nations. This paper aims to determine whether the FEPA, joint with SAFP, have isolated the local price from fluctuations in the international sugar price. To this end, we determine whether or not a long-term relationship exists between international sugar prices and local prices in the three main cities of Colombia. Using monthly data for the period 2001-2015, we did not find evidence of cointegration between the international prices and the local prices in each of the studied cities. We then conclude that the FEPA and SAFP have succeeded in isolating the effect of international prices on domestic prices. Les outils de stabilisation des prix internes du sucre en Colombie: fonctionnent-ils vraiment? Résumé: En 2001, le Fond de Stabilisation des Prix du Sucre (FEPA) est devenu opérationnel en Colombie. Il s'agit d'un mécanisme complémentaire au Système Andin de Fourchettes de Prix (SAFP), mis au point par la Communauté Andine et visant protéger les producteurs locaux des fluctuations des prix internationaux du sucre. Cet article cherche à établir si le FEPA, en collaboration avec le SAFP, arrive à isoler les fluctuations des prix locaux par rapport aux prix du marché international. Pour ce faire, nous souhaitions savoir s'il existe ou non une relation à long terme entre les prix internationaux et leurs homologues dans les trois principales villes de Colombie. L'étude utilise un échantillon pour la période 2001-2015, à partir duquel nous ne pouvons pas trouver des preuves de cointégration entre la série de prix internationaux et les prix du sucre dans les villes étudiées. Nous concluons alors que le FEPA ainsi que le SAFP ont réussi à isoler l'effet des prix internationaux sur les prix locaux.Ítem ¿Estabiliza el FEPA los precios locales del azúcar?(Universidad Icesi, 2015-01-01) Arcila, Andrés M.Does FEPA isolate the Colombian local sugar price from international shocks? Abstract Since January 2001, local sugar prices in Colombia are subject to a stabilization scheme called FEPA ( Fondo de Estabilización de Precios del Azúcar ). The Colombian government designed FEPA as a part of a mechanism to protect local producers from fluctuations in international sugar prices. Our objective is to determine whether the FEPA succeeded in isolating the local price from the international price’s fluctuations. In other words, the aim of this document is to determine whether or not a long - term relationship exists between international sugar prices and their counterparts in the three main Colombian cities.