Nuevo conocimiento - CPO

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/10906/78202

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 155

El involucramiento como expresión de la orientación hacia la promoción o prevención
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016-01-01) López Sánchez, Silvio Fernando
Este estudio asocia las estrategias cognitivas de promoción y prevención con el involucramiento del consumidor. Es un estudio de campo que aplica el cuestionario del enfoque regulatorio (RFQ) a 92 asistentes a una consulta odontológica; de manera paralela se observan conductas de involucramiento durante la consulta. Los resultados muestran que una mayor inclinación hacia la prevención se asocia con un mayor grado de involucramiento. Por el contrario, una mayor inclinación hacia la promoción se asocia de manera negativa con el involucramiento del consumidor. Recomendamos utilizar conductas asociadas al involucramiento entendiendo su relación con la orientación hacia la prevención/promoción como una estrategia para la segmentación de los usuarios de servicios de salud.
El compromiso de continuidad y El vínculo del consumidor con la organización
(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, 2016-01-01) Arango, Arboleda
Este artículo evalúa en qué medida el compromiso de continuidad del consumidor hacia una organización modera la relación entre su compromiso afectivo e intención conductual. Se operacionaliza el constructo compromiso de continuidad de dos formas: la posibilidad de un consumidor para elegir el prestador de servicios de salud y el costo de cambiarse de institución educativa al tener una beca. Los resultados muestran que el compromiso afectivo incrementa la intención conductual hacia la organización. Esta relación decrece cuando la continuidad se refiere al costo y cuando se refiere a la posibilidad de elegir el proveedor del servicio. Futuros estudios podrían replicar esta metodología para el caso de marcas o productos de consumo masivo, y de otro lado, podrían confirmar la experiencia emocional de los consumidores que reciben beneficios adicionales.
The consumer psychological contract: conceptual foundations and construct definition
(International Academy of Business and Economics, 2017-01-01) Arboleda Arango, Ana María
A psychological contract is an unwritten characterization of a relationship. This concept has been defined and used to evaluate the relationship between employees and their organization. The purpose of this paper is to define the psychological contract construct in a marketing context understanding the relationship consumers’ hold with an organization. This paper reviews the development of the psychological contract construct: the idea was born within the social exchange theory; it was later defined, operationalized, and applied in the organizational behavior literature. The consumer behavior literature has rarely included the psychological contract construct. Thus, this paper explains the consumer psychological contract considering its dimensions: transactional and relational. Finally, the paper provides insights for its application to the consumer behavior arena.
Diferencias en las circunstancias de riesgo al volante en universitarios guatemaltecos y españoles
(Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2015-10-01) Martínez Ruiz, Virginia
Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of involvement in risky driving circumstances between Guatemalan and Spanish university students and identify in both populations the differences between the involvement in such circumstances and road crashes. Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted during the academic courses 2007 to 2011 on a sample of 2 130 drivers (1 016 in Guatemala and 1 114 in Spain), who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed: mobility patterns, use of safety devices, driving styles and involvement in road traffic crashes.
Unearthing Sedimentation Dynamics in Political CSR: The Case of Colombia
(Springer Verlag, 2017-03-25) Pérezts, Mar
The stream on political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) argues that companies have recently assumed state-like roles to influence global governance. However, following emerging calls for greater contextualization of CSR, we trace the historic evolution of PCSR in the case of Colombia and argue that such political engagement by firms is not new. Looking beyond a linear chronological account, we reveal the sedimentation process behind PCSR by exploring the archetypical political roles businesses have taken on in providing public goods and acting as regulators, and chart their transformation.
The Informal Economy of Cities in the South: The Case of Cali, Colombia
(WIT Press, 2017-01-01) Martínez Quintero, Lina María
This paper analyses the dynamics of the informal economy in Cali Colombia. In particular it details the working lives and characteristics of street vendors in the main food market of the city, Santa Helena. It compares them with formal merchants in the same area and uncovers a major difference in income. Street vendors make more money. Government interventions to revitalize the area and create a linear park that requires the market’s transformation and street vendors’ relocation may be undermined due to the high earnings and expectations of street vendors.
Unpacking multimethodology : Impacts of a community development intervention.
(Elsevier, 2016-09-16) Henao Piza, Juan Felipe; Franco, L. Alberto
Multimethodology interventions are being increasingly employed by operational researchers to cope with the complexity of real-world problems. In keeping with recent calls for more research into the ‘realised’ impacts of multimethodology, we present a detailed account of an intervention to support the planning of business ideas by a management team working in a community development context. Drawing on the rich steam of data gathered during the intervention, we identify a range of cognitive, task and relational impacts experienced by the management team during the intervention. These impacts are the basis for developing a process model that accounts for the personal, social and material changes reported by those involved in the intervention. The model explains how the intervention's analytic and relational capabilities incentivise the interplay of participants’ decision making efforts and integrative behaviours underpinning reported intervention impacts and change. Our findings add much needed empirical case material to enrich further our understanding of the realised impacts of operational research interventions in general, and of multimethodology interventions in particular.
Proving It To Others Or Proving It To You: Motivating Students To Initiate And Develop Healthy Levels Of Physical Activity Using Extrinsic And Intrinsic Appeals
(2011-03-01) Borrero Caldas, Silvio
Integrating Self-Determination Theory, the Trans-Theoretical Model of Change and extant research on health-related choices, I suggest that persuasive communications aimed at inducing greater physical activity will be more effective if they are tailored to match the target‘s exercise status. Whereas sedentary people can be better persuaded to exercise by appealing to extrinsic motives, active people can be better persuaded to increase physical activity by appealing to intrinsic motives. I tested this suggestion by presenting college students with made-up magazine articles framed to prime different types of motivational appeals. In a first study, conducted at a private university in Colombia, I found that while the intrinsic motive of competence (proving to yourself that you can do something) is a more powerful motivator for active students than the extrinsic motive of recognition (proving to others that you can), as judged by steps walked and self-reported exercise, the reverse is true for sedentary students.
Retos institucionales y obstáculos para la integración económica: Corea del Sur - América Latina /Institutional challenges and obstacles for the economic integration: south korea - latin america
(Universidad Nacional, 2015-01-01) Manfredi, Luciana Carla
This study aims to analyze institutionalization from the perspective of negotiation processes that foster the economic integration agreement that have served Colombia, South Korea and Mercosur as they integrate economically with other regions, considering bilateral negotiations or bloc negotiations. The present research is based in two main theories: new-institutionalism and constructivism, that serve as foundation to explain the main research question: How does the level of institutionalization impact the strategies of negotiation and design of agreements? Finally, is it better to negotiate bilaterally or as a bloc? Therefore, this paper accounts with two kinds of studies- a qualitative and a quantitative one-
Standard health level seven for odontological digital imaging.
(Mary Ann Liebert, 2017-01-01) Abril González, Mauricio
Background: A guide for the implementation of dental digital imaging reports was developed and validated through the International Standard of Health Informatics–Health Level Seven (HL7), achieving interoperability with an electronic system that keeps dental records. Introduction: Digital imaging benefits patients, who can view previous close-ups of dental examinations; providers, because of greater efficiency in managing information; and insurers, because of improved accessibility, patient monitoring, and more efficient cost management. Finally, imaging is beneficial for the dentist who can be more agile in the diagnosis and treatment of patients using this tool. Materials and Methods: The guide was developed under the parameters of an HL7 standard. It was necessary to create a group of dentists and three experts in information and communication technologies from different institutions.
How Instructional Methods Influence Skill Development in Management Education
(Academy of Management, 2016-09-01) Burke, Michael J.
Research concerning why and how to promote social interaction and learner reflection in management education and training is somewhat underdeveloped. In this investigation, we used a predictive, quasi-experimental design with 246 students from a business school in Colombia who were enrolled in 10 sections of a leadership course to examine expected effects of instructional methods that promoted different levels of social interaction and reflection on self-reported learning behaviors (dialogue and reflection activities), self-efficacy for class performance, and instructors’ assessments of students’ skill demonstration (team work, communication, influence, and work proficiency and effort). In comparisons to students participating in instructional conditions with less social interaction and fewer reflective activities, students participating in an instructional condition that promoted higher levels of these activities exhibited considerably greater student–student dialogue, instructor–student dialogue, and reflection. These learning behaviors in turn led to enhanced self-efficacy for class performance and skilled activity. In addition, students’ perceptions of psychological safety partially mediated relationships between instructional method and dialogical and reflective activities. The implications of these findings for coupling action, dialogue, and reflective activities in management education and training as well as avenues for future research are discussed.
Impact on Intercultural Competence When Studying Abroad and the Moderating Role of Personality
(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2016-10-14) RamÍrez Robledo, Carlos Enrique
The purpose of this study is to assess how studying abroad impacts the development of intercultural competence and the moderating role of student’s personality. This research uses a pre-post design with a sample of 264 undergraduate students from four Colombian universities; it includes a group of students who participated in a one semester study-abroad program and a control group who did not travel. The average level of increase in intercultural competence for the students who went abroad was 0.511 standard deviations above the average of those who had not studied abroad. The results from hierarchical linear regression did not yield any evidence that supports the moderating effects of the personality factors on the relation between study abroad and intercultural competence.
La estrategia me-too: un producto semejante con un nombre distintivo ubicado junto al líder.
(Universidad del Valle, 2015-07-01) Arboleda Arango, Ana María
Este estudio explica la probabilidad de confusión del consumidor por el uso de la estrategia me-too en función de tener empaques con un nombre de marca distintivo y ubicar al me-too junto al líder de la categoría. Para esta evaluación se utilizó la categoría de papas fritas cuyo líder del mercado es Margarita y se creó un producto me-too: Fristas. A través de un experimento se manipularon dos variables: tener un nombre de marca distintivo en el empaque (ausente vs. presente) y ubicación en góndola (junto al líder vs. me-too solo). Los resultados muestran que tener un nombre de la marca distintivo en el empaque afecta la probabilidad de confusión, de tal forma que la presencia del nombre de la marca disminuye la probabilidad de confusión. Además, cuando el producto me-too está solo hay una mayor probabilidad de confusión que cuando está junto al líder. Este estudio confirma la importancia de que los empaques cuenten con una marca distintiva. Y su principal aporte está en demostrar que la ubicación de un producto me-too junto al líder de la categoría es una práctica acertada al prevenir la confusión del consumidor.
Exploratory analysis of preventable first day mortality in Colombia
(Elsevier, 2016-09-01) Jaramillo Mejía, Marta Cecilia
Objective. The goal of this study was to inform public health policy which can reduce Colombia's estimated infant mortality rate (IMR), 17.78 deaths for 1000 live births (2011), by lowering preventable first day mortality (PFDM). Study design This study combined a time series analysis, using a linear regression method, for the period 2001–2012 with a cross-sectional analysis, using odds ratios and bi-variate methods, for the year 2012 to study first day mortality (FDM) and PFDM classified by biological, socio-economic, and medical correlates. Methods The study examined the trends for 2001–2012 in Colombia's infant mortality rate per 1000, and in the relative significance of PFDM by cause. It established the relative odds of PFDM for 2012 by major risk categories, defined by birthweight and gestational age, and within those by biological, sociodemographic risk factors or groups and by potential access to and use of care. Then, the study established the major causes of PFDM within major risk categories and groups.
Factores determinantes del dinamismo de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en Colombia
(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales,, 2016-01-01) Franco Ángel, Mónica
Dada la importancia de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) para el desarrollo de las economías del mundo, se requiere un mayor entendimiento sobre su desempeño. El propósito del estudio es identificar los factores que determinan el dinamismo de estas empresas en Colombia, en el marco de la teoría de recursos y capacidades, y la teoría institucional. Las unidades objeto de estudio son las PYMES que emplean entre 11 y 200 personas, ubicadas en las regiones colombianas de Cundinamarca y del Valle del Cauca. Se realiza un análisis de regresión logística utilizando una muestra de 384 empresas de una población de 19.452. Entre los factores de mayor impacto se encuentran: la tecnología y el posicionamiento de marca; las habilidades de los empresarios para la solución de conflictos, su flexibilidad y educación empresarial; las capacidades en el área administrativa; el poder de negociación; el apoyo de los amigos; y la aceptación y apoyo de la comunidad. Los resultados sugieren que el perfil del empresario impacta el dinamismo de la empresa en su papel de fundador y estratega, y que el reconocimiento de la empresa por parte de clientes, proveedores, instituciones y bancos, entre otros, le genera legitimidad y mayor dinamismo.
Análisis del efecto del aprendizaje organizativo en el nivel de internacionalización de las empresas, y del papel mediador de la capacidad para competir internacionalmente y de la flexibilidad estratégica
(2015-12-18) Gudziol Vidal, Juan Antonio
En la incierta arena del comercio internacional convergen organizaciones de tamaños diferentes, que están inmersas en un ámbito en el que predomina la hipercompetencia. El fenómeno de la hipercompetencia es el resultado de la dinámica de las maniobras estratégicas de las empresas con el objetivo de alcanzar una fuerte posición basada en la creación de una propuesta valiosa para los clientes, la cual facilita “moverse primero”, bien sea para defender o para atacar una posición en un mercado geográfico con un producto dado (D’Aveni, 1995; D’Aveni, Canger y Doyle, 1995; D’Aveni, Dagnino y Smith, 2010). La “hipercompetencia”, es descrita por D’Aveni (1995:46), una situación en la cual “la frecuencia, audacia y agresividad del movimiento dinámico ejercido por los jugadores se acelera hasta el punto de crear una condición de desequilibrio y cambio constante
Creating a Competitive Advantage: The Exoticism of Tango and Salsa From Cali, Colombia
(Ecole Des Hautes Etudes Commerciales De Montreal, 2016-01-01) Arboleda Arango, Ana María
The authors propose a competitive strategy for the performing arts:\ncreating a geographic paradox that results in consumers' perception of\nan exotic product. Through a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews\nand documentary research, they gathered information on two cases in the\nperforming arts (dance): Jacaranda and Ancizar Velasquez. Both cases\nshow how entrepreneurs can focus on cultural traditions that are not\nlocal. It is possible to track their success through the foreign dances\noffered in their own country and traditional dances offered to a foreign\naudience. The authors conclude that cultural organizations can gain a\ncompetitive advantage by introducing artistic products in a foreign\ncontext where they will be perceived as exotic and autochthonous. A\npractical implication of this work is that artists and cultural\norganizations may exploit what is perceived as an exotic tradition and\nas a consequence strengthen cultural industries and preserve cultural\ntraditions.
Developing Intercultural Competence In Undergraduate Students
(Tulane University, 2010-03-25) Ramírez Robledo, Carlos Enrique
Globalization, understood as a process that has reduced the barriers that separate local contexts from international contexts, has increased and accelerated the economic, cultural, and political interactions among countries, organizations, and citizens (Giddens, 2000). From the business side, firms are increasingly involved in foreign ventures such as outsourcing, off-shoring, exporting, importing and investing in foreign countries that require the correct adaptation of managers to cultural differences. In fact, the inability of managers to face the cultural challenges of doing business abroad is one of the causes of business failures (Johnson, Lenartowicz, & Apud 2006; Black, Mendenhall, & Oddou, 1991). Rather than a lack of ability in the technical aspects of their job, a major factor in business failures (e.g., early return of an expatriate, poor choice of an export market, or problems running a foreign
Disseminating Public Data as Public Use Files: What Makes a Successful Initiative?
(Taylor & Francis, 2017-01-31) Martínez Quintero, Lina María
The current policy emphasis on data-driven decision-making is creating the right incentives for government agencies around the world that have not traditionally disseminated their administrative data to do so. The literature on statistical disclosure control focuses on the technical aspects of a variety of methods designed to protect data confidentiality. There is, however, a void in the literature in regard to what other elements are necessary to create and sustain a successful initiative. This paper examines six case studies of individual-level datasets. It reviews current practice in several domains and summarizes recommendations from expert practitioners including challenges for future initiatives.
El efecto país de origen en marcas dominantes
(Universidad del Norte, 2015-01-01) Concha Velásquez, José Roberto
El Efecto País de Origen (COO) ha sido objeto de debate durante muchos años y varios autores han afirmado que es una forma de diferenciar el producto de los competidores debido a que afecta las percepciones, la preferencia y la disposición a comprar. Sin embargo, diversos autores argumentan que este efecto ha perdido importancia, porque, incluso en bienes de comparación que implican un grado de involucramiento superior, muchos consumidores no conocen el país de origen del producto, ya que la marca es bastante dominante y esta es lo más relevante independientemente de dónde provenga el producto o servicio. El presente estudio evalúa el efecto país de origen en marcas dominantes en productos de comparación como los computadores portátiles. Los resultados empíricos demuestran que dicho efecto se diluye cuando las marcas ocupan un sitio importante en la mente del consumidor.

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