Formación de Recurso Humano - NAT

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/10906/78213

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Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias capaces de degradar cianuro presentes en muestras obtenidas del proceso de extracción de almidón de yuca
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Mosquera Salcedo, Catalina; Panay Escobar, Aram Joel; Asesor Tesis
El cianuro es un compuesto utilizado en varios procesos en la industria de plásticos, la producción de revelado fotográfico, productos farmacéuticos, químicos orgánicos, además es altamente utilizado en la minería de oro y plata (Neha Gupta, 2010). El cianuro es una sustancia tóxica, es un inhibidor competitivo de la enzima citocromo C oxidasa, también se puede unir a metales que son cofactores de algunas enzimas que se necesitan en varios procesos esenciales para los seres vivos. Existen varios procesos fisicoquímicos que permiten desactivar el cianuro de forma eficiente, como: la cloración alcalina, la ozonización en presencia de luz ultravioleta, el tratamiento con peróxido de hidrogeno, la adsorción en gránulos de carbono activado y procesos de aire/dióxido de sulfuro. Todos estos procesos tienen en común que son costosos, y algunos de los subproductos de la reacción pueden llegar a ser más tóxicos que el mismo cianuro. Por otro lado, se sabe que existen bacterias que presentan la capacidad de degradar el cianuro introduciéndolo a su metabolismo. Estos microorganismos son la base para procesos de biorremediación, menos costosos, más limpios e igualmente efectivos que su contraparte sintética en la remoción del cianuro. En este estudio se aislaron bacterias degradadoras de cianuro presentes en una rallanderia de yuca, puesto que esta tiene glucosidos cianogenicos y en el proceso de extracción, se libera cianuro. Las bacterias fueron aisladas en un medio astringente que tenía como única fuente de carbono y nitrógeno el cianuro. Después las bacterias fueron seleccionadas de acuerdo a su morfología externa, se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas y MALDI-TOF para su identificación. Por último, se cuantifico la cantidad de cianuro degradado en los cultivos líquidos. Se encontraron 7 morfologías diferentes de las cuales, las pruebas bioquímicas reportaron 4 microorganismos diferentes Rhizobium radiobacter, Acinetobacter Iwoffii, Cupriavidus pauculus y Methylobacterium spp y una cepa no fue identificada. Las 7 cepas presentaron un porcentaje de remoción de cianuro mayor al 95 % del medio líquido al cabo de 10 días.
Aislamiento e implementación de un cultivo primario de queratinocitos de mamifero para la realizacion de estudios en ciencia básica y aplicada.
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Morales Nuñez, María Camila; González Ospina, Julián Arbey; Asesor Tesis
El presente trabajo de investigación se enfocará en el establecimiento de una metodología para el cultivo in-vitro de queratinocitos de mamífero con el fin de obtener un cultivo primario, que permita utilizarse a futuro en la investigación básica experimental y en aplicaciones clínicas, esta última referenciada principalmente a la ingeniería de tejidos, la cual constituye un área de investigación que cada día va en ascenso. Los queratinocitos son las células mayoritarias en la epidermis, capa superficial de la piel; estas células junto con los melanocitos son las únicas que se pueden cultivar in vitro, además de esto, los queratinocitos hacen para de los pocos tipos de células que pueden diferenciarse y proliferar en diversos tipos de cultivo in vitro, lo cual constituye una gran ventaja a la hora de proponer y establecer nuevas metodologías de cultivo para este tipo específico de células Junqueira y Carneiro, 2005
Análisis de mercado para la implementación de un laboratorio de prestación de servicios analíticos ofrecidos a empresas farmacéuticas del Valle: prueba piloto.
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Marmolejo Chacón, Esther Julia; Espinosa Marín, Claudia Patricia; Asesor Tesis
The quality control by Pharmaceutical Companies, which is necessary to support the safety and effectiveness of its manufactured drugs, and obtain the reliability of their customers has led to these industries must perform various analyzes of both materials that will be used in production processes, such as manufacturing areas and equipment. Often these analysis processes are too costly for companies as they do not possess the necessary infrastructure for the installation of equipment, or financially able to purchase them; As companies look for ways to meet the requirements demanded by regulators, without spending much money. Therefore, industries are supported by independent laboratories and specialized in this part to make their analysis, which must be certified and must provide them all the support from these analyzes to check that their analyzes are reliable.
Caracterización de la estructura de las comunidades de bacterias endófitas establecidas en tejidos vegetativos de dos especies del género Oryza spp. (O. sativa y O. glumaepatula) mediante la técnica de PCR - DGGE basada en la amplificación del GEN 16S rARN
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Castro Panqueva, Rodrigo; Ghneim Herrera, Thaura; Asesora
Endophytic bacteria are organisms, which colonize the inside of plant tissues without causing harm. These microorganisms are involved in different processes such as biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production and resistance to the activity of pathogenic organisms, thus making them a novel alternative for the improvement of crop varieties. The objective of this project was to carry out a comparative analysis of the structure of bacterial communities present in vegetative tissues (leaves and stems) of a genotype Oryza glumaepatula (# 243) and two accessions of Oryza sativa (IR64 and Nipponbare) using the DGGE technique based on the amplification of a hypervariable fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Two methodologies were used for the assessment of bacterial communities: 1) The classical microbiological method to isolate culturable bacteria, and 2) Direct extraction of bacterial DNA. In both cases, the bacterial enrichment method was included in the process in order to increase the abundance of bacterial strains. A total of 23 different morphotypes were obtained by the microbiological method. Of these, 10 morphotypes were isolated from the tissues of IR64, 6 from Nipponbare and 7 from O. glumaepatula.
Comunidad de arañas tejedoras (Arachnida: araneae en fragmentos de bosque seco y premontano de la cuenca del Río Pance (Cali, Colombia)
(Universidad del Valle, 2013-01-01) Muriel Triana, Natalia; Valderrama Ardila, Carlos Humberto; Asesor
Las arañas, uno de los grupos de artrópodos más diverso en el mundo, éstas se pueden encontrar en un amplio espectro de escalas espaciales y temporales, por esta razón es importante tenerlas en cuenta en procesos de planeación y manejo ambiental. En el presente trabajo se describe la composición de la comunidad de arañas tejedoras en cuatro fragmentos de bosque en la cuenca del Río Pance
Cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales de plantas de la familia amaryllidaceae.
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Reyes Moreno, Jorge Emilio; Santaella Tenorio, Marcela; Asesor Tesis; Asesor Tesis
The plants family Amaryllidaceae has broad pharmaceutical interest due to its content of alkaloids with different therapeutic activities. From the alkaloids found in this family mainly stands galantamine, which is used for the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In Colombia, particularly in the Valle del Cauca, some of the species belonging to this family are threatened due to habitat destruction. It is therefore important to develop methodologies to preserve these species, using strategies such as the establishment of ex situ germplasm banks. The establishment of this germplasm bank can be achieved in a controlled manner, using in vitro culture techniques such as clonal propagation of plants, also called micropropagation.
Cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales de plantas del género zephyranthes y evaluación de su producción de alcaloides.
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Peralta Navarro , Luis Alberto; Santaella Tenorio, Marcela; Asesor Tesis
The Amaryllidaceae is a family of bulbous and perennial plants which have been widely known for their ornamental value. The study of this family in the last decade has increased; one reason is because of the large pharmaceutical potential that possesses the alkaloids present in these plants. Genres of this family found in the Valle del Cauca have been endangered due to habitat destruction such as Eucharis and Caliphruria (for example C. hartwegiana and C. subedentata). In addition, other genres like Phaedranasa, Sprekelia, Hippeastrum and Crinum. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids reported in greater abundance are Licorine and Galantamine. The mechanism of action of these molecules is based on inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, showing pharmaceutical use in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Other alkaloids such Haemantamina, Vittatina and tazetina among others, have presented anti-inflammatory activity, antimalarial and antibacterial
Desarrollo del saco embrionario asociado a la formación del embrión de yuca in vitro
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Restrepo Espinosa, Geraldine; Lentini Gil, Zaida Josefina; Asesor Tesis
Cassava is an important crop in subsistence farming, marginal and highly vulnerable environments. Genetic improvement of cassava is inefficient due to its genetic complexity and lack of basic knowledge about its reproductive biology. The differentiation of plants from in vitro culture of haploid cells is an efficient alternative to produce homozygous populations (double haploids, DH) to develop varieties with desired characteristics that would increase crop productivity, or for the identification of recessive traits, production of genetic stocks for conservation and exchange of genetic diversity. To develop this technique, data on the formation and development stages of male and female gametophytes of cassava are needed. In the case of DH obtained by female unfertilized gametophytes (gynogenesis), knowledge about the maturation stage of the embryo sac in which the division of the unpollinated egg cell can be induced, and the optimal conditions to allow the complete embryo development in the unfertilized embryo sac, allowing its germination and plant development. The objective of this research was to identify the optimal development of the embryo sac and the earliest stage at which can be induced in vitro development of zygotic embryos and their conversion into plants, for use as a model for in vitro embryo and plants induction from unfertilized eggs in cassava. To achieve this, the structural and cellular changes were documented in various stages of development of the embryo sac of fertilized and unfertilized female flowers of a line of cassava (SM1219-9).
Desarrollo y validación de un método analítico por UPLC para la determinación de ampicilina en una matriz biológica obtenida en ensayos de permeabilidad in vitro.
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Sánchez Ararat, Carolina; González Ospina, Julián Arbey; Asesor Tesis
Due to in Colombia has not been reported models of permeability in vitro as a tool for predicting the oral bioavailability of new or existing active substances, nor has driven the development of analytical methodologies to quantify them in complex biological matrices from these models. This reflects a problematic; not having these methodologies hinders the knowledge of pharmacokinetics and limits the applicability of pharmaceutical strategies to improve bioavailability of substances that have absorption problems such as the beta-lactam antibiotics. In this project, a quick and simple analytical method was developed using Efficiency Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) to quantify the fraction permeated ampicillin in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells , in order to predict in vivo absorption. Additionally, the analytical methodology was validated following the guidelines established by the United States Pharmacopeia in the Validation of compendial methods and by the Food and Drug Administration in the Guide for Validation of Bioanalytical Methods, finding that it meets parameters of performance such as selectivity, precision, accuracy and linearity.
Diseño y formulación de potenciales formas farmacéuticas de antibióticos Beta-Lactamicos útiles frente a microorganismos resistentes: Caracterización fisicoquímica de la formación de complejos de asociación polimérica entre el antibiótico ampicilina y el sistema polimérico PAM-18Na2
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-12-01) Ortiz Sánchez, Alejandra Paola; Salamanca Mejía, Constain Hugo; Asesor
In the present study the sodium salt of the amphiphilic Poly (maleic acid-alt-1-octadecene) was used to modify the thermodynamic properties of the solubilization process related to the ampicillin trihydrate using biorelevant dissolution media and thereby acquire relevant data in order to know its potential as polymeric material useful in the design of novel formulations of β-Lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of infections associated with resistant microorganisms. Using standarized methodologies the first step was a catalyzed basic hydrolysis and then purification by dialysis and lyophilization. The cuantification were made with UV-VIS spectroscopy under specific conditions (temperature: 37,0°C, ionic strength: 0,15 Mand pH: 1,2 y 7,4). This investigation also report three methodologies of liquid phase saturations of the antibiotic focused to obtain the intrinsic solubility values. As a final aspect this report shows the impact or the consecuence in the use of the amphiphilic polymer in therms of intrinsic solubility attributing a gain when the obtained material is present in the drug solubilization phase.
Diversidad genética de especies pertenecientes a la familia amaryllidaceae del Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Otero Lizcano, María Lucia; Santaella Tenorio, Marcela; Asesor Tesis
Las plantas de la familia Amaryllidaceae, son de alto potencial para generar productos de interés en la industria farmacéutica, y para el comercio de especies ornamentales. En el género se han encontrado aproximadamente ocho clases principales de alcaloides (galantamina, hemantamina, licorina, homolicorina, tazetina, crinina, montamina, y narciclasina), los cuales han sido detectados y aislados de diversas especies Por otro lado, las actividades antrópicas asociadas a la agricultura, ganadería, establecimiento de plantaciones forestales, minería, entre otros factores, en el Valle del Cauca han causado una acelerada destrucción y modificación del hábitat de varias de las especies de la familia Amaryllidaceae. Esta familia comprende varios géneros de plantas, algunos con ocurrencia en el valle geográfico del río Cauca y cercanías, siendo afectados por dichas actividades y en los cuales se han realizado pocos estudios científicos. Cabe mencionar, que el género Zephyranthes, no se encuentra amenazada ni en vía de extinción. Sin embargo, resulta interesante realizar un análisis de diversidad genética de este género para construir un panorama más amplio de la situación actual, la distribución y la capacidad de adaptación al entorno de estas especies.
Estandarización de la metodología in vitro para evaluar la absorción intestinal de ampicilina liberada por el polímero PAM 18Na.
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Calderón Patiño, Sebastián; González Ospina, Julián Arbey; Asesor Tesis
Para la predicción de la permeabilidad intestinal de los fármacos, se han desarrollado diversos métodos experimentales, entre los que se destacan las determinaciones in vivo, in situ e in vitro. Las tres varían en complejidad experimental y en costo de ejecución El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal estandarizar una metodología de permeabilidad in vitro en monocapas de células Caco-2. La importancia de esta investigación radica en la obligación legal que tienen las industrias en Colombia de presentar estudios de biodisponibilidad y bioequivalencia para el registro sanitario de un medicamento. Para llevar a cabo la estandarización de la metodología, se utilizaron monocapas diferenciadas de Caco-2, sobre las cuales se aplicaba una cantidad de fármaco conocida. Posteriormente en tiempos establecidos, se tomaban muestras para determinar la cantidad de fármaco que atravesaba la membrana, para la cuantificación de estos valores, se utilizó una metodología validada con técnica UPLC. Adicionalmente, fue necesario medir la integridad de las membranas de manera directa e indirecta, por medio de la resistencia eléctrica transepitelial (TEER) y la permeabilidad del reactivo Amarillo de Lucifer, el cual responde a una tintura fluorescente y sólo atraviesa la membrana cuando ésta se encuentra integra y las uniones entre las células es adecuada. Con los resultados, se determinaron los coeficientes de permeabilidad aparente (Pap) para cada fármaco evaluado, Ampicilina y Metoprolol, reportados en cm/seg. Por otra parte, también se determinaron los coeficientes de permeabilidad de los mismos fármacos, en presencia del polímero PAM 18 Na. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un Pap para la Ampicilina de 1,02 x10-5 ± 1,4 x10-5 cm/seg en ausencia del polímero, y un Pap de 9,42 x10-7 ± 1,2 x10-7 cm/seg presencia del polímero.
Estandarización de una metodología para evaluación del efecto hidratante de una matriz cosmética
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Delgado Hernández, Tatiana; Mora Guerrero, Carolina del Pilar; Asesor Tesis
Colombia has a wide array of cosmetics with various claims which are not supported by efficacy studies to prove their effectiveness. To help address these shortcomings, in this project we designed a protocol to evaluate the moisturizing effect of cosmetic matrices that can be validated to support the claims of moisturizing products for body care. Research was done in three stages. In th e first stage the conditions and parameters that influence in the hydra tion of the basal strata of the skin following a bibliographic review and pilot preliminary studies. In the second stage we designed and elaborated the protocol which has in detail all necessary conditions for its execution and which was approved by the Hu man Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Icesi. In the third stage this protocol was implemented to evaluate the efficacy of a moisturizer cream. The protocol was designed usin g a co rneometric method with the Multi Dermascope ® MDS 800 , which can measure the electric capacitance of the skin which in the relative moisture of the dermic phase
Estandarización de una metodología para la evaluación de los perfiles cinéticos de permeación de fármacos utilizando celdas de Franz a condiciones fisiológicas
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-12-01) Enciso Peña, Edgar Eduardo; Salamanca Mejía, Constain Hugo; Asesor
The problem of acquired resistance form bacteria to antibiotics has an overall incidence, which has caused that many pharmaceutical scientists focus their research on it. The bioprotector polymeric matrices are one of the developed strategies to mitigate it. Over time they have developed some of these matrices for marketing, however these are very expensive and not affordable for many companies. Springing the need for new options of bioprotective matrices with lower costs. The above also leads to the need of run basic physicochemical studies such as kinetic dissolution and permeability profiling studies, which can give an overall characterization of the polymeric matrix behavior on a further application
Estructura de la red de interacciones mutualistas entre plantas y aves frugívoras en el bosque nublado de San Antonio -km 18, Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Palacio Arce, Rubén Darío; Valderrama Ardila, Carlos Humberto; Asesor Tesis
Mutualistic interaction networks are fundamental to understand the dynamics of forests at the ecosystem level which is not possible if species are studied independently. Despite their importance, there are no studies yet of interaction networks for the Colombian Andes. To start filling this gap, I characterized the interaction frugivory network between plants and birds in the cloud forest of San Antonio-km 18, a Forest Reserve in the city of Cali, important for its biodiversity and for having tributaries of Cali and Aguacatal rivers.
Estudio del efecto de los sistemas poliméricos PAM-18 K2 y PAM-18 Na2 sobre los perfiles de disolución de comprimidos de ampicilina
(Universidad Icesi, 2013-01-01) Pineda Camero, Diego; Salamanca Mejía, Constain Hugo; Asesor Tesis
The present grade project is part of an investigation work with a bigger scope, which is focused in the research of the characterization of physicochemical properties in aqueous solutions of polymer materials with amphiphilic characteristics, with the purpose to evaluate their potential as novel pharmaceutical matrices capable to decrease the biodegradability of betalactamic drugs. Specifically, in this grade project, the variation in dissolution profiles of commercial tablets of the betalactamic drug ampicillin in its trihydrate form was evaluated, in presence of the polymer materials PAM-18Na2, PAM-18 K2 and Eudragit E-100 Chloride in media with physiologic conditions of pH and ionic strength modified by action from the polymeric systems in dispersion, with pH values of 1,2 and 7,4 and ionic strength of 0,15 M in a temperature of 37°C.
Estudio termodinámico del fenómeno de asociación entre el polímero clorhidrato de eudragit® e-100 y el sustrato 5hdibenz [b,f] azepine-5-carboxamide en medio acuoso, utilizando el modelo de pseudo-fases poliméricas
(Universidad Icesi, 2015-05-21) Cadena Herrera, Daniela; Salamanca Mejía, Constain Hugo; Asesor Tesis
This work is part of a research project of high amplitude, which has focused on the characterization of the physicochemical properties of amphiphilic polymer systems in aqueous solution, in order to evaluate their potential application as novel matrix systems capable of establishing specific interactions with apolar substrates and thus be able to contribute to the improvement of the physicochemical characteristics of these. Specifically, in this study, the degree of association occurred between the polymeric material hydrochloride Eudragit ® E- 100 and the substrate apolar 5H - dibenz [ b , f ] azepine -5 -carboxamide was evaluated , using the ultrafiltration technique and the pseudo-polymeric phases model. This technique involves a process of normal filtration , where cut-off membrane allows exclusive pass of the solvent and the substrate is not retained by the polymer system , the experimental parameter of measurement can be expressed in terms of percent retention ( % R ) , from a relationship between amount of added substrate and amount of ultrafiltrate substrate. For this, an ultrafiltration cell fitted with a cellulose membrane with a pore size of 30,000 Daltons, through which the passage of solvent and substrate held with the application of 45 psi pressure , in the presence of forced continuous stirring is used.
Estudios viscosimétricos para evaluar el fenómeno de asociación entre el EUDRAGIT e-100® modificado y la carbamazepina en medio acuoso.
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Barrera Contreras, Angélica Estefania
This project intended to assess the phenomenon of chemical association of the polymeric material, Hydrochloride Eudragit E-100, with a reference drug, as carbamazepine, using a methodology of capillary viscometry, previously standardized. A capillary viscometer known as Oswald or Ubbelohde viscometer, whose experimental measurement parameter is the flow time, or run-time was used. The run-time values have an indirect relationship with the relative viscosity, thereby allowing for differences between the relative viscosities of the polymer solutions Hydrochloride Eudragit E-100 in the presence and absence of drug. The determination of the run-time values were taken at 37 ° C, and pH values corresponding to 1.2, 2, 4, 6, 7.4, 8, and 10. We found that the standardized method showed a property repeatability and intermediate precision. Also, an effect of concentration and ionic strength of the medium in the relative viscosities of the ionomer solutions was obtained. And, a conformational transition phenomenon of Hydrochloride Eudragit E-100 in function of the pH of the medium was checked. This made possible to obtain a marked effect on the rheological behavior of the polymer solutions in the presence and absence of carbamazepine, thereby assuming a potential phenomenon of polymer-drug association. Moreover, we obtained that carbamazepine or model drug does not affect the viscosity of the aqueous media.
Evaluación de la diversidad de arañas como indicadoras de la efectividad de las estrategias de restauración implementadas en el corredor biologico Barbas - Bremen, Filandia (Quindío-Colombia)
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Ortiz Movliav, Carolina; Vargas, William Gerardo; Asesor Tesis
Spiders are a diverse and abundant group in all terrestrial ecosystems. Their communities are influenced by the type of habitat, land use, and plant architecture, so they are well accepted in ecological and environmental studies. They are generalist predators that have a major impact on the regulation of herbivore populations, also they are easy to collect and identify. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration strategies implemented in biological corridors connecting the Barbas River Canyon and The Forest Preserve of Bremen (Filandia-Quindío), through the measure of the diversity of spiders. For this, samples were taken in three biological corridors “Los Monos”, “Las Pavas” and “Los Colibríes”, in two forest fragments, Barbas and Bremen and in a paddock near to the corridors. Sampling was conducted during day sessions, and during dry and rainy seasons over one year period, using three methods: hand collecting (Looking up and looking down), sweeping with entomological net and using a beating trap. After 96 sampling unites, 736 individual were identified grouped into 18 families and 126 morphospecies.
Evaluación del biocarbón derivado de cascarilla de arroz como potenciador del establecimiento y proliferación de bacterias en suelos no perturbados
(Universidad Icesi, 2014-01-01) Belalcázar Serrano, Stefanía; Ghneim Herrera, Thaura; Asesor Tesis
La producción y aplicación de biomasa pirolizada (biocarbón) al suelo, ha sido una herramienta utilizada para el almacenamiento de carbono en ecosistemas terrestres (Khodadad et al., 2011). El biocarbón puede incrementar la fertilidad del suelo mientras reduce el uso de agua y de fertilizantes químicos. El aumento en la fertilidad del suelo está relacionado con la capacidad del biocarbón para absorber e intercambiar nutrientes y materia orgánica, pero también con su efecto positivo sobre la abundancia y diversidad de microorganismos (Khodadad et al., 2011). El procesamiento industrial del arroz genera, como material de desecho, toneladas de cascarilla de arroz. Tradicionalmente, la cascarilla se ha empleado en la producción de alimentos animales y como componente de mezclas de suelo utilizadas en jardineria. Recientemente ha surgido interés en explotarla como materia prima para la producción de biocarbón, para ello se debe evaluar su potencial para generar los efectos benéficos observados con otros tipos de biocarbones.

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